The purpose of interventions is to ensure students are provided with the standards based supports they need to meet/exceed grade level standards. A comprehensive system of interventions involves a graduated set of safety nets aligned to specific student needs and standards. In Pennsylvania, ELL educational programs are all found within the instructional core. For resources related to ELL, please see Instruction.
Click on the title of a resource to review a description and to access information and materials that support successful interventions.
Assistive Technology -
Sensory Impaired
- Center for Implementing Technology in Education
- The Gateway to 21st Century Skills
- Described and Captioned Media Program
- National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped
- National Information Clearinghouse on Children who are Deaf/Blind
Math Interventions
- Center on Instruction
- Work Works Clearinghouse (WWC)
- Foundations for Success: Report of the National Mathematics Advisory Panel
- Intervention Central
- PaTTAN Short Term Loan
- The IRIS Center
Science Interventions
Reading and Writing Interventions - General
- What Works Clearinghouse (WWC)
- Center on Instruction
- Federal Resources for Educational Excellence
- Florida Center for Reading Research: K/5 Student Center Activities (SCA)
- Intervention Central
- PaTTAN Short Term Loan
- The Best Evidence Encyclopedia
- The National Institute for Literacy
- The Vaughn Gross Center for Reading and Language Arts
Reading and Writing Interventions - Reading
Reading and Writing Interventions - Tutoring
- Jim Wright Online
- National Dropout Prevention Center/Network
- Reading Rockets
- Tutoring Strategies for the Primary Grades
Reading and Writing Interventions - Writing
- Intervention Central
- The Pennsylvania Writing Project Network
- Intervention Central
- The Access Center
- The CSSS Project
- Reading Rockets
Secondary Response to Instruction and Intervention (RtII)
Assistive Technology - Sensory Impaired
Center for Implementing Technology in Education
- www.cited.orgBack to Top
CITEd identifies evidence-based practices for integrating instructional technology to support the achievement of all students. CITEd supports leadership at state and local education agencies to integrate instructional technology for all students to achieve high educational standards. CITEd provides this support through identification of best practices, innovative online technical assistance tools, professional development, and communities of practice. CITEd is funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs and is a cooperative effort of the American Institutes for Research (AIR), the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST), and the Education Development Center (EDC).
The Gateway to 21st Century Skills
- www.thegateway.orgBack to Top
In addition to access to educational resources on the Web, the Gateway to 21st Century Skills also hosts information about GEM. GEM is an acronym for Gateway to Educational Materials.
GEM is a well developed set of widely used standards used for describing learning resources. GEM has also developed tools to make creating resource descriptions simple. Look for documentation of those standards and tools here.
Described and Captioned Media Program
- www.cfv.orgBack to Top
This website promotes and provides equal access to communication and learning for students who are blind, visually impaired, deaf, hard of hearing, or deaf-blind. Free-loan described and captioned educational media is available to students who are deaf, blind, hard of hearing, visually impaired, or deaf-blind. This educational media is made accessible to the deaf and hard of hearing via captioning and to the blind and visually impaired via description. With over 4,000 titles (and growing!) available for viewing, the DCMP is continuing to provide equal accessibility to these students and the professionals who serve them. The DCMP also offers a clearinghouse of information related to education, accessibility, deafness, blindness, and other related topics. The DCMP is funded by the U.S. Department of Education and administration by the National Association of the Deaf.
National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped
- www.loc.gov/nlsBack to Top
Through a national network of cooperating libraries, NLS administers a free library program of braille and audio materials circulated to eligible borrowers in the United States by postage-free mail. A program of the Library of Congress.
National Information Clearinghouse on Children who are Deaf/Blind
- www.nationaldb.orgBack to Top
The National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness (NCDB) is a national technical assistance and dissemination center for children and youth who are deaf-blind. Funded by the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP), NCDB works collaboratively with families, federal, state and local agencies to provide technical assistance, information and personnel training.
The consortium focuses on two major purposes as required by OSEP. The first is to promote academic achievement and results for children and youth (from birth to age 26) who are deaf-blind, through technical assistance, model demonstration, and information dissemination activities that are supported by evidence-based practices. The second purpose is to assist in addressing state-identified needs for highly qualified personnel who have the necessary skills and knowledge to serve children and youth who are deaf-blind.
Math Interventions
Center on Instruction
- www.centeroninstruction.orgBack to Top
The Center on Instruction offers materials and resources on mathematics to build educators’ knowledge of instruction for students with low achievement in mathematics, improve professional development models for math teachers, and build teachers’ skills in monitoring student growth toward important math outcomes.
Work Works Clearinghouse (WWC)
- http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/reports/middle_math/abstract.aspBack to Top
The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) review focuses on curriculum-based interventions, which contain learning goals that spell out the mathematics that students should know and be able to do, instructional programs and materials that organize the mathematical content, and assessments. The WWC has broken the broad topic of math curricula into two reviews: middle school math and elementary school math.
Foundations for Success: Report of the National Mathematics Advisory Panel
- http://www2.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/mathpanel/reports.htmlBack to Top
The National Mathematics Advisory Panel (often called the “National Math Panel,” NMP, or Panel) comprises 24 members designated by the Secretary of Education. Nineteen of the members are experts not employed by the federal government and five are ex officio designees from federal agencies. The members were sworn into service and the Panel began its work on May 22, 2006.
Intervention Central
- http://www.interventioncentral.org/Back to Top
Intervention Central is committed to the goal of making quality Response-to-Intervention resources available to educators at no cost--especially in these times of tight school budgets.
PaTTAN Short Term Loan
- http://www.pattan.net/supportingstudents/STLKits.aspx?PageNumber=0&Title=mathBack to Top
The PaTTAN Short Term Loan Office provides resources that can be used to assist math instruction. Items include books, videotapes, math programs, assessment tools, software, kits, and more.
The IRIS Center
- http://www.pattan.net/supportingstudents/STLKits.aspx?PageNumber=0&Title=mathBack to Top
Visit the IRIS Center for Training Enhancements for free online interactive resources that translate research about the education of students with disabilities into practice. Our materials cover a wide variety of evidence-based topics, including behavior, RTI, learning strategies, and progress monitoring.
Reading and Writing Interventions - General
What Works Clearinghouse (WWC)
- http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/reports/Back to Top
An initiative of the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences, the WWC:
- Produces user-friendly practice guides for educators that address instructional challenges with research-based recommendations for schools and classrooms;
- Assesses the rigor of research evidence on the effectiveness of interventions (programs, products, practices, and policies), giving educators the tools to make informed decisions;
- Develops and implements standards for reviewing and synthesizing education research; and
- WWC provides a public and easily accessible registry of education evaluation researchers to assist schools, school districts, and program developers with designing and carrying out rigorous Evaluations.
Center on Instruction
- http://www.centeroninstruction.org/resources.cfm?category=reading&subcategory=&grade_start=&grade_endBack to Top
The Center on Instruction offers materials and resources on reading that help educators improve reading outcomes for students in grades K-12, prevent reading difficulties from developing in the early grades as a solution to the problem of struggling readers in middle and high school, and meet instructional challenges of diversity in students’ ability and readiness for learning to read.
Federal Resources for Educational Excellence
- http://www.free.ed.gov/Back to Top
This site sponsored by the United States Department of Education offers more than 1500 free resources on a variety of subjects including reading and language arts.
Florida Center for Reading Research: K/5 Student Center Activities (SCA)
- http://www.fcrr.org/Curriculum/SCAindex.shtmBack to Top
The K-5 Student Center Activities and K-3 Instructional Routines search tool provides teacher’s access to the 522 individual SCA and the instructional routines. Use this search tool to find and print specific instructional routines or student center activities and their accompanying activity masters by grade level, Big Idea (Phonological Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, or Comprehension), subcomponent, or DIBELS measure.
Intervention Central
- www.interventioncentral.orgBack to Top
Intervention Central offers free tools and resources to help school staff and parents to promote positive classroom behaviors and foster effective learning for all children and youth. Visitors can view posted academic [reading and writing] and behavioral intervention strategies, download publications on effective teaching practices, and use tools that streamline classroom assessment and intervention
PaTTAN Short Term Loan
- http://www.pattan.net/supportingstudents/STLKits.aspx?PageNumber=0&Category=readingBack to Top
There are more than one hundred items available from the PaTTAN Short Term Loan Office that can be used to assist reading instruction. Items include books, videotapes, reading programs, assessment tools, software, kits, and more.
The Best Evidence Encyclopedia
- http://www.bestevidence.org/Back to Top
The Best Evidence Encyclopedia (BEE) presents reliable, unbiased reviews of research-proven educational programs to help.
The National Institute for Literacy
- http://www.nifl.govBack to Top
The National Institute for Literacy, a federal agency, provides leadership on literacy issues, including the improvement of reading instruction for children, youth, and adults. The Institute serves as a national resource on current, comprehensive literacy research and policy.
The Vaughn Gross Center for Reading and Language Arts
- http://www.texasreading.org/utcrla/materials/Back to Top
The Vaughn Gross Center for Reading and Language Arts (VGC) promotes academic success for students in Texas and across the nation by improving education outcomes. VGC is committed to providing leadership to state, national, and international educators in effective reading and mathematics instruction through its diversified research, technical assistance, and professional development projects. From translating research into practice to providing online professional development, the Center emphasizes scientifically based research and is dedicated to improving instruction for all students, especially struggling readers, English language learners, and special education students.
Reading and Writing Interventions - Reading
What Works Clearinghouse (WWC)
- http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/reports/Back to Top
An initiative of the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences, the WWC:
- Produces user-friendly practice guides for educators that address instructional challenges with research-based recommendations for schools and classrooms;
- Assesses the rigor of research evidence on the effectiveness of interventions (programs, products, practices, and policies), giving educators the tools to make informed decisions;
- Develops and implements standards for reviewing and synthesizing education research; and
- WWC provides a public and easily accessible registry of education evaluation researchers to assist schools, school districts, and program developers with designing and carrying out rigorous Evaluations.
Supplementary Aids and Services toolkit
- http://www.pdesas.org/main/fileview/SaS-Toolkit.pdfBack to Top
The Supplementary Aids and Services Toolkit guides teams through steps that lead to the identification of services and supports to enable a student with a disability to learn and succeed within general education classroom settings.
National RTI Center
- http://www.rti4success.org/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1Back to Top
This model, with its associated elements of screening, progress monitoring, and tiered instruction (utilizing universal, secondary, and tertiary interventions), has the potential to enhance student achievement and to reduce the prevalence of reading and math disabilities. Additionally, RTI holds promise that disproportionality in special education may be effectively addressed by integrating proven models for RTI with Early Intervening Services (EIS) for minority students who are not progressing in the general education curriculum.
Universal Design for Learning
- http://www.cast.org/Back to Top
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework for designing curricula that enable all individuals to gain knowledge, skills, and enthusiasm for learning. UDL provides rich supports for learning and reduces barriers to the curriculum while maintaining high achievement standards for all.
LD Online
- http://www.ldonline.org/Back to Top
Instructional strategies for teaching students with LD or ADHD.
K-8 Access Center
- http://www.k8accesscenter.org/index.phpBack to Top
Resources for enhancing access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities.
The IRIS Center
- http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/index.htmlBack to Top
Visit the IRIS Center for Training Enhancements for free online interactive resources that translate research about the education of students with disabilities into practice. Our materials cover a wide variety of evidence-based topics, including behavior, RTI, learning strategies, and progress monitoring.
National Association for Gifted Children
- http://www.nagc.org/Back to Top
The National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC) is an organization of parents, teachers, educators, other professionals, and community leaders who unite to address the unique needs of children and youth with demonstrated gifts and talents as well as those children who may be able to develop their talent potential with appropriate educational experiences.
Reading and Writing Interventions - Writing
Intervention Central
- www.interventioncentral.orgBack to Top
Intervention Central offers free tools and resources to help school staff and parents to promote positive classroom behaviors and foster effective learning for all children and youth. Visitors can view posted academic [reading and writing] and behavioral intervention strategies, download publications on effective teaching practices, and use tools that streamline classroom assessment and intervention.
The Pennsylvania Writing Project Network
- http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ce/pwpn/Back to Top
The Pennsylvania Writing Project Network (PWPN) is a network of nine sites, each housed on a Pennsylvania university campus. Every year, thousands of teachers participate in PWPN campus, school, and district programs. These teachers, representing all grade levels from kindergarten through university, often teach in a variety of disciplines other than English. The Project also serves administrators, students, and parents.
Jim Wright Online
- http://www.jimwrightonline.com/php/interventionista/interventionista_intv_list.php?prob_type=writingBack to Top
Depending upon their stage of development as writers, struggling student writers may benefit from the strategies.
The Access Center
- http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/mnemonics_writing.aspBack to Top
Mnemonic instruction is a set of strategies designed to help students improve their memory of new information. Mnemonics instruction links new information to prior knowledge through the use of visual and/or acoustic cues. These strategies have been proven effective with students at a wide range of ability levels (gifted, normally achieving, and those with mild and moderate disabilities) and at all grade levels. Mnemonics are particularly helpful in teaching students with disabilities who have difficulty recalling verbal and content-area information, as they are effective with any type of verbal content
- http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/documents/WritingDifferentiationBrief.pdfBack to Top
Differentiated instruction allows all students to access the same classroom curriculum by providing entry points, learning tasks, and outcomes that are tailored to students’ needs (Hall, Strangman, & Meyer, 2003).Differentiated instruction is not a single strategy, but rather an approach to instruction that incorporates a variety of strategies.
The CSSS Project
- http://www.specialeducation.ilstu.edu/csss/solutions/documents/writingfluency.htmlBack to Top
Interventions to improve writing fluency.
Reading Rockets
- http://www.readingrockets.org/article/3478Back to Top
The process of learning to write begins very early for many children. The oral and written language experiences children have at home, day care, preschool, and kindergarten contribute to the developing ability to communicate in writing. Let's look at ways in which you can support your students' writing.
Reading and Writing Interventions - Tutoring
Jim Wright Online
- http://www.jimwrightonline.com/pdfdocs/prtutor/prtutor_lesson3.pdfBack to Top
Kids As Reading Helpers: A Peer Tutor Training Manual
National Dropout Prevention Center/Network
- http://www.dropoutprevention.org/effstrat/mentoring_tutoring/overview.htmBack to Top
Whether reading to a child, sharing reading, or listening to a child read aloud, there are many strategies a tutor can use to improve the skills of a young reader. Learn about the strategies – from modeling to KWL – that are useful for tutoring children in grades one through three.
Reading Rockets
- http://www.readingrockets.org/article/113Back to Top
Mentoring/Tutoring occurs in many different formats including the traditional one-to-one relationship, a one-to-group relationship, and recently a "telementoring" relationship having multiple relationships about different topics.
- http://www.readingrockets.org/article/22029Back to Top
Peer tutoring links high achieving students with lower achieving students or those with comparable achievement for structured learning. It's an effective educational strategy for classrooms of diverse learners, including students with disabilities, because it promotes academic gains as well as social enhancement. This brief discusses three research-supported peer tutoring strategies: Cross-Age Tutoring; Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS); and Reciprocal Peer Tutoring (RPT)
Tutoring Strategies for the Primary Grades
- http://www.ed.gov/pubs/RoadtoRead/part3c.htmlBack to Top
In grades one through three -- the primary grades -- children continue learning about language and literacy through exploration. They try out their ideas and use what they know to make sense of new concepts. Within this age group, children's reading and writing skills vary greatly. A few children will enter first grade able to read with considerable fluency. Some children will learn to read and write with ease. Others need the one-on-one attention of a tutor to develop an understanding of basic concepts, build specific skills, gain confidence, and become motivated to read and write.
Science Interventions
Research-Based Curriculum is Essential
- http://www.nsrconline.org/curriculum_resources/index.htmlBack to Top
The NSRC produces and disseminates research-based science education curriculum programs that should be used by school districts to construct effective K–12 instructional programs. All curricula developed or recommended by the NSRC are informed by research studies from the National Research Council of the National Academies about how students learn, and are produced using a rigorous research and development process.
Science and Technology Concepts Program Extensions
- www.nap.edu/Back to Top
The STC BOOKS are self-published by the NSRC and distributed through the National Academies Press (NAP). Each book is colorfully illustrated with drawings and photographs, and has been reviewed by a nationally recognized reading specialist. Books can be purchased individually, or in sets of eight, by title or strand.
The Sourcebook for Teaching Science
- http://www.csun.edu/science/Back to Top
The Sourcebook for Teaching Science is designed to complement any secondary school science curriculum. Science teachers will find ready-to-use demonstrations, experiments, illustrations, games, puzzles, analogies, lessons, activities, and strategies, as well as explanations of how to adapt these for English learners and diverse student populations. All topics are accompanied by extensive background material, providing teachers with the scientific, organizational, and pedagogical principles necessary for successful classroom implementation
Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate (Five Es)
- http://www.sedl.org/afterschool/toolkits/science/tk_5Es.htmlBack to Top
Constructivism and the Five E's - from Miami Museum of Science
The 5Es - from Afterschool Training Toolkit, Southwestern Educational Development Laboratory
Secondary Response to Instruction and Intervention (RtII)
Secondary RtII: Tier 1 Core Instruction
- Secondary Response to Instruction and Intervention (RtII): Tier 1 Core InstructionBack to Top
This document highlights universal instructional design principles and several high impact strategies from the research literature. It is not intended as an exhaustive list but rather serves as a starting point for schools/districts seeking to initiate Secondary RtII.

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