Materials and resources include Voluntary Model Curriculum (VMC), incorporating learning progressions, units, lesson plans, and content resources aligned to the Pennsylvania standards.

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Literacy

Kindergarten

Main Events in Fiction (L-K-1)

Introduction to Main Events (L-K-1-1)

Identifying Main Events (L-K-1-2)

Review of Main Events (L-K-1-3)

Introduction to Parts of a Book (L-K-2)

Main Parts—Fiction (L-K-2-1)

Main Parts—Nonfiction (L-K-2-2)

Comparing Both Fiction and Nonfiction Book Parts (L-K-2-3)

Features of Informational Text (L-K-3)

Purpose of Pictures, Graphics, and Illustrations (L-K-3-1)

Purpose of Table of Contents (L-K-3-2)

Accessing Information Using Text Features (L-K-3-3)

Vocabulary (L-K-4)

Introduction to Synonyms (L-K-4-1)

Introduction to Antonyms (L-K-4-2)

Categorizing and Context Clues (L-K-4-3)

1st Grade

Review of Parts of a Book (L-1-1)

Reviewing Features of Fiction Books (L-1-1-1)

Identifying Features of Nonfiction Text (L-1-1-2)

Identifying Features of Textbooks (L-1-1-3)

Introduction of Grade-Appropriate Resource Material (L-1-4)

Exploring a Children’s Dictionary (L-1-4-1)

Exploring a Children’s Thesaurus (L-1-4-2)

Exploring an Animal Encyclopedia (L-1-4-3)

2nd Grade

Building Vocabulary (L-2-1)

Introduction to Vocabulary for a Lesson about Communities (L-2-1-1)

Extending Vocabulary to Describe Communities (L-2-1-2)

Extending Vocabulary to Describe Workers in Communities (L-2-1-3)

Components of Fiction and Nonfiction Texts (L-2-3)

What Components Are in Fiction? (L-2-3-1)

What Components Are in Nonfiction? (L-2-3-2)

Comparing Fiction and Nonfiction Components (L-2-3-3)

Introduction to Responding to Text (L-2-4)

Using Prior Knowledge to Build Understanding (L-2-4-1)

How to Draw Conclusions (L-2-4-2)

How to Make Reasonable Inferences (L-2-4-3)

3rd Grade

Exploring Components of Fiction (L-3-1)

Identifying Differences Between Fiction and Nonfiction Books (L-3-1-1)

Identifying Plot (L-3-1-2)

Identifying Literary Devices—Personification (L-3-1-3)

Review of Resource Material (L-3-2)

Using a Dictionary (L-3-2-1)

Using an Atlas (L-3-2-2)

Using an Encyclopedia (L-3-2-3)

Introduction to Bias and Exaggeration Within Nonfiction (L-3-3)

What Is Exaggeration? (L-3-3-1)

Exploring Bias/Exaggeration in News and Magazine Articles (L-3-3-2)

Exploring Bias/Exaggeration in Advertisements—Print and Media (L-3-3-3)

Introduction to Assertions in Nonfiction (L-3-4)

Making Predictions in Nonfiction (L-3-4-1)

Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions in Nonfiction (L-3-4-2)

Exploring the Use of Facts and Opinions in Nonfiction (L-3-4-3)

4th Grade

Introduction of Literary Elements and Text Structure (L-4-1)

Introducing Literary Elements in Fiction (L-4-1-1)

Introducing Literary Elements in Nonfiction (L-4-1-2)

How Point of View Affects Fiction and Nonfiction Texts (L-4-1-3)

Introduction of Theme (L-4-2)

Introducing Theme (L-4-2-1)

Identifying Theme in Fiction (L-4-2-2)

Identifying Theme in Literary Nonfiction (L-4-2-3)

5th Grade

Exploring the Elements of Fiction (L-5-1)

Reviewing Literary Elements (L-5-1-1)

Summarizing Key Information (L-5-1-2)

Drawing Conclusions (L-5-1-3)

Introduction to Fact and Opinion in Nonfiction (L-5-3)

Exploring Fact and Opinion in Biographies (L-5-3-1)

Exploring Fact and Opinion in Advertising (L-5-3-2)

Distinguishing Valid and Invalid Sources (L-5-3-3)

6th Grade

Literary Devices in Fiction (L-6-1)

Review of Personification and Alliteration (L-6-1-1)

Introduction to Symbolism (L-6-1-2)

Review of Literary Devices (L-6-1-3)

Exploring Components of Nonfiction—Persuasion (L-6-3)

Recognizing Arguments in Texts (L-6-3-1)

Recognizing Counterarguments in Texts (L-6-3-2)

Recognizing Valid Evidence in Texts (L-6-3-3)

Exploring Components of Nonfiction Across Texts (L-6-4)

Exploring Ways Authors Use Text Structures to Convey Meaning (L-6-4-1)

Elements of Informational Nonfiction (L-6-4-2)

Elements of Biography and Autobiography (L-6-4-3)

7th Grade

Figurative Language in Fiction (L-7-2)

Focus on Figurative Language (L-7-2-1)

Focus on Figurative Language in Prose (L-7-2-2)

Focus on Figurative Language in Prose and Poetry (L-7-2-3)

Exploring Bias and Stereotypes across Texts (L-7-3)

What Is Bias and How Do You Recognize It? (L-7-3-1)

What Is Stereotyping? (L-7-3-2)

Exaggeration in Nonfiction (L-7-3-3)

Literary Devices in Fiction (L-7-4)

The Effective Use of Literary Devices: Introduction (L-7-4-1)

The Effective Use of Literary Devices: Imagery (L-7-4-2)

The Effective Use of Literary Devices: Symbolism (L-7-4-3)

8th Grade

Analyzing Structure of Nonfiction Texts (L-8-1)

How Does Structure Affect the Author’s Message? (L-8-1-1)

Comparison/Contrast versus Question/Answer Text Structure (L-8-1-2)

Understanding Various Graphics Used with Nonfiction Texts (L-8-1-3)

Analyzing Structure of Fiction Texts (L-8-2)

Analyzing Fiction Structure (L-8-2-1)

Analyzing Literary Devices (L-8-2-2)

Analyzing Theme (L-8-2-3)

Summary of Nonfiction (L-8-3)

Nonfiction Narration (L-8-3-1)

Synthesizing Passage Types (L-8-3-2)

Summarizing News Articles (L-8-3-3)

Literature

Universal Themes (L-L-1)

Search for Identity (L-L-1-1)

Love and Loss (L-L-1-2)

Man versus Nature (L-L-1-3)

Cultural and Historical Perspectives (L-L-2)

Contemporary Multicultural Authors (L-L-2-1)

Voices of Urban Youth (L-L-2-2)

Historical Perspectives (L-L-2-3)

Author’s Intent (L-L-3)

Humor (L-L-3-1)

Persuasion (L-L-3-2)

Voices of Rebellion (L-L-3-3)

Form and Function in Literature (L-L-4)

The Many Forms of Poetry (L-L-4-1)

Patterns from Mythology (L-L-4-2)

Fable and Allegory (L-L-4-3)

Literary Elements—Fiction and Nonfiction (L-L-5)

Review Literary Elements in Fiction (L-L-5-1)

Write a Personal Essay (L-L-5-2)

Analyze a Personal Essay by a Noted Author (L-L-5-3)

Literary Devices in Fiction and Nonfiction (L-L-6)

Appealing to the Senses (L-L-6-1)

The Power of Metaphor (L-L-6-2)

Irony (L-L-6-3)

Interrelationship Between/Among Literary Elements and Devices (L-L-7)

The Relationship Among Character, Plot, and Theme (L-L-7-1)

Understanding the Relationship of Symbol to Theme (L-L-7-2)

The Use of Imagery to Reflect Theme (L-L-7-3)

Literary Criticism and Logical Fallacy (L-L-8)

Propaganda Techniques in Editorial Cartoons (L-L-8-1)

Persuasion Tactics Found in Advertising (L-L-8-2)

Logical Fallacy (L-L-8-3)

Mathematics

Kindergarten

Thinking About Numbers from One to Twenty (M-K-1)

How Many? (M-K-1-1)

Anchoring Numbers to Five and Ten (M-K-1-2)

Numbers Are Made of Parts (M-K-1-3)

Learning About Ourselves and our Classmates (M-K-2)

Favorite Days (M-K-2-1)

Junk Sort (M-K-2-2)

All About Shoes (M-K-2-3)

Shapes Around Us (M-K-3)

Making Pictures from Smaller Shapes (M-K-3-1)

Organizing Our Blocks (M-K-3-2)

Shapes from Shapes (M-K-3-3)

Representing and Extending Patterns (M-K-4)

Footprints (M-K-4-1)

Growing, Growing, Gone (M-K-4-2)

Ladybugs on the Two Leaves (M-K-4-3)

Comparing and Ordering (M-K-5)

Inchworm (M-K-5-1)

Tall Towers (M-K-5-2)

Body Balance (M-K-5-3)

1st Grade

Making and Describing Shapes (M-1-1)

What's in the Bag? (M-1-1-1)

Cutting Corners (M-1-1-2)

Putting It All Together (M-1-1-3)

Representing Data About Us (M-1-2)

Many Ways to Represent Our Data (M-1-2-1)

Recording Frequency (M-1-2-2)

Build a Graph (M-1-2-3)

Representing Numbers in Different Ways (M-1-3)

Counting by Making Groups (M-1-3-1)

Patterns on a 1–100 Number Chart and Number Line (M-1-3-2)

Counting with Base-Ten Models (M-1-3-3)

Addition and Subtraction Are Related (M-1-4)

Parking Cars (M-1-4-1)

Up and Down the Line (M-1-4-2)

Understanding Subtraction (M-1-4-3)

Number Patterns (M-1-5)

Number Patterns (M-1-5-1)

Jumping Rules (M-1-5-2)

Geometric Patterns (M-1-5-3)

Measuring Length (M-1-6)

Giant Steps, Baby Steps (M-1-6-1)

Estimate and Measure (M-1-6-2)

Snake Imprints (M-1-6-3)

2nd Grade

Describing 2-D and 3-D Shapes (M-2-1)

Folding to Make Shapes (M-2-1-1)

Cutouts (M-2-1-2)

Target Shape (M-2-1-3)

Constructing and Interpreting Graphs (M-2-2)

Comparing Data on Graph A and Graph B (M-2-2-1)

Mystery Graphs (M-2-2-2)

What a Difference a Day Makes (M-2-2-3)

Understanding Numbers to 1000 (M-2-3)

How Many Ways? (M-2-3-1)

Too Many Tens (M-2-3-2)

Using Groups of Ten to Solve Problems (M-2-3-3)

Addition and Subtraction (M-2-4)

Developing Strategies for Addition and Subtraction (M-2-4-1)

Make a Match (M-2-4-2)

Solving Problems (M-2-4-3)

Patterns and Functions (M-2-5)

"Same As" (M-2-5-1)

Jumping Rules (M-2-5-2)

Function Machine (M-2-5-3)

Measurement Tools and Techniques (M-2-6)

Estimating Length (M-2-6-1)

Cover Up (M-2-6-2)

Which Unit Did I Use? (M-2-6-3)

3rd Grade

Properties of Geometric Shapes (M-3-1)

Build What I've Created! (M-3-1-1)

Tiling Tesselations (M-3-1-2)

Making Cubes (M-3-1-3)

Interpreting Data in Different Ways (M-3-2)

Venn Diagrams and Other Data Displays (M-3-2-1)

Exploration with Raisins (M-3-2-2)

Stars in a Minute (M-3-2-3)

Thinking About Large Numbers (M-3-3)

Using Place Value to Solve Problems (M-3-3-1)

Equal Groups (M-3-3-2)

Multiplication Represented as Arrays (M-3-3-3)

Fractions Describe Parts of a Whole (M-3-4)

Sharing Brownies: Fractions That Represent a Fair Share (M-3-4-1)

Fractions of a Set (M-3-4-2)

Fraction Strips (M-3-4-3)

Unlikely and Likely (M-3-5)

Fair or Unfair (M-3-5-1)

Which Bag Is Which? (M-3-5-2)

Two Number Cubes Game (M-3-5-3)

Measurement (M-3-6)

Length of Time (M-3-6-1)

Length and Perimeter (M-3-6-2)

Relationship of Perimeter and Area (M-3-6-3)

4th Grade

Using Models and Algorithms to Solve Multiplication Problems (M-4-1)

Using Multiplication to Solve Word Problems (M-4-1-1)

Multiplication Using Arrays (M-4-1-2)

Partial Products (M-4-1-3)

Ordering Fractions and Decimals (M-4-2)

Using Benchmarks to Compare Fractions (M-4-2-1)

The Point of Some Fractions (M-4-2-2)

Operations with Common Fractions (M-4-2-3)

Measurement and Area (M-4-3)

Measurement, Appropriate Units & Conversion (M-4-3-1)

Calculating Area (M-4-3-2)

Estimating Measurement (M-4-3-3)

Graphical Representation of Data (M-4-6)

Range, Cluster, Gap and Outliers (M-4-6-1)

How Likely Is It? (M-4-6-2)

What Is the Chance? (M-4-6-3)

5th Grade

Expressing Patterns as Functions (M-5-1)

Relationships and Functions (M-5-1-1)

Solve for Missing Numbers (M-5-1-2)

Connect Real-World Situations to Equations and Inequalities (M-5-1-3)

Using Models and Algorithms to Solve Division Problems (M-5-2)

Two Types of Division Problems (M-5-2-1)

Problem Solving by Using Multiplication to Solve Division Problems (M-5-2-2)

Partial Quotients (M-5-2-3)

Solving Problems with Fractions and Decimals (M-5-3)

Estimation with Fractions (M-5-3-1)

The Multiplicative Identity and Numbers Close to 1 (M-5-3-2)

Problem Solving with Fractions (M-5-3-3)

Volume (M-5-4)

Volume and Surface Area (M-5-4-1)

Measuring Volume/Capacity Using the Metric System (M-5-4-2)

Volume, Mass, and Weight (M-5-4-3)

Attributes of Polyhedra (M-5-5)

Attributes of Two-Dimensional Polygons (M-5-5-1)

From Two-Dimensional Polygons to Three-Dimensional Polyhedra (M-5-5-2)

Euler’s Formula (M-5-5-3)

Designing Data Studies—Inference and Prediction (M-5-6)

Methods for Data Collection (M-5-6-1)

Describing Data Sets and Discovering Normal Distribution (M-5-6-2)

Probabilities and Predictions (M-5-6-3)

Symmetry and Transformations of Polygons (M-5-7)

Identifying Lines of Symmetry and Creating Reflections over a Line (M-5-7-1)

Rotational Symmetry of Polygons and Other Figures (M-5-7-2)

Tetrominoes and Translations (M-5-7-3)

6th Grade

Modeling and Solving Problems Involving Fractions (M-6-1)

Finding Fractional Parts Using an Area Model (M-6-1-1)

Dividing with Fractions (M-6-1-2)

Fractions and Ribbons (M-6-1-3)

Using Area and Volume to Problem Solve (M-6-2)

Constant Perimeter and Changing Area (M-6-2-1)

Triangle Identification (M-6-2-2)

Discovering Pi in a Circle (M-6-2-3)

Writing Mathematical Expressions and Equations (M-6-3)

Expressions Involving Variables (M-6-3-1)

Using Expressions and Equations (M-6-3-2)

Focus on Order and Properties (M-6-3-3)

Fractions and Decimals as Ratios, Rates, and Percents (M-6-4)

Fractions in the News (M-6-4-1)

Using Decimals to Divide a Collection (M-6-4-2)

Using Percents to Problem Solve (M-6-4-3)

Graphical Representation of Data and the Measures of Central Tendency (M-6-5)

Choosing a Measure of Central Tendency (M-6-5-1)

Using Graphs to Investigate Variability in Data (M-6-5-2)

Variation Within Data Sets with the Same Mean Value (M-6-5-3)

Probability and Predictions (M-6-6)

Theoretical Probabilities (M-6-6-1)

Experimental Probabilities (M-6-6-2)

Using Probability to Make Decisions (M-6-6-3)

7th Grade

Computing and Problem Solving with Negative Numbers (M-7-1)

The Number Line Extended (M-7-1-1)

Modeling and Computing with Negative Numbers–Part 1 (M-7-1-2)

Modeling and Computing with Negative Numbers–Part 2 (M-7-1-3)

Surface Area and Volume (M-7-2)

Modeling and Visualization of Surface Area and Volume (M-7-2-1)

Calculating Surface Area and Volume in the Real World (M-7-2-2)

Geometric Relations (M-7-2-3)

Proportional Reasoning (M-7-3)

Comparing Size and Value (M-7-3-1)

Comparing and Problem Solving with Ratios, Rates, and Unit Rates (M-7-3-2)

Setting Up and Applying Proportions (M-7-3-3)

Linear Relationships (M-7-4)

Patterns and Sequences (M-7-4-1)

Linear Functions (M-7-4-2)

Slope and y-Intercept in the Real World (M-7-4-3)

Probabilities of Simple and Compound Experiments (M-7-5)

Equally-Likely and Unequally-Likely Outcomes (M-7-5-1)

Using Area to Analyze Probabilities (M-7-5-2)

Probabilities for Number Cubes (M-7-5-3)

Using Polygons and Circles to Problem Solve (M-7-6)

All Around with Circles (M-7-6-1)

Presenting Polygons (M-7-6-2)

Congruency, Similarity, and Scale Factor (M-7-6-3)

8th Grade

Algebraic Properties and Expressions (M-8-1)

The Language of Algebra (M-8-1-1)

Order of Operations (M-8-1-2)

Applying Properties to Variables (M-8-1-3)

Solving Equations and Inequalities (M-8-2)

Using Inverse Operations (M-8-2-1)

Variables on Both Sides (M-8-2-2)

Two-Variable Equations and Inequalities (M-8-2-3)

Interpreting Data (M-8-3)

Measures of Center and Spread (M-8-3-1)

Data Representations, Analysis, and Interpretation (M-8-3-2)

Correlation (M-8-3-3)

Probability Experiments (M-8-4)

Empirical and Theoretical Probability (M-8-4-1)

Calculations of Sample Spaces (M-8-4-2)

Advanced Probability Problems (M-8-4-3)

Distance and Measurement (M-8-5)

Distance (M-8-5-1)

Conversions (M-8-5-2)

Applications (M-8-5-3)

Exponents and Radicals (M-8-6)

Irrational Numbers (M-8-6-1)

Scientific Notation (M-8-6-2)

Calculating Surface Area and Volume (M-8-6-3)

Linear Functions in Real Life (M-8-7)

Introducing Relations and Linear Functions (M-8-7-1)

Functions and Technology (M-8-7-2)

Linear Functions in Action (M-8-7-3)

Geometry

The Building Blocks of Geometry (M-G-1)

Points and Lines (M-G-1-1)

Shapes and Figures (M-G-1-2)

The Distance Formula and the Pythagorean Theorem (M-G-1-3)

Two-Dimensional Figures (M-G-2)

Triangles (M-G-2-1)

Polygons (M-G-2-2)

Geometric Probability (M-G-2-3)

Visualization of Three-Dimensional Figures (M-G-3)

Exploring Solids (M-G-3-1)

Nets (M-G-3-2)

Real-World Occurrences (M-G-3-3)

Congruence and Similarity (M-G-4)

Proving Triangles Congruent by Definition and Side-Side-Side (SSS) (M-G-4-1)

Extending Congruence to CPCTC (M-G-4-2)

Similarity and Its Relationship to Congruence (M-G-4-3)

Geometry on the Coordinate Plane (M-G-5)

Midpoints, Distance, and Slope (M-G-5-1)

Transformations (M-G-5-2)

Dilations (M-G-5-3)

Circles (M-G-6)

Angles and Arcs of Circles (M-G-6-1)

Secants, Tangents, and Angle Measure (M-G-6-2)

Segments in Circles (M-G-6-3)

Geometry of Right Triangles (M-G-7)

Pythagorean Theorem (M-G-7-1)

Trigonometric Ratios (M-G-7-2)

Slope, Distance, Midpoint (M-G-7-3)

Algebra 1

Solving Quadratic Equations (M-A1-1)

What Is a Quadratic Equation? (M-A1-1-1)

Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring (M-A1-1-2)

Solving Quadratic Equations by the Quadratic Formula (M-A1-1-3)

Solving Quadratic Equations by the Quadratic Formula (M-A1-1-3)

Notation (M-A1-2)

Sets and Functions (M-A1-2-1)

History of Numbers and Symbols (M-A1-2-2)

Patterns and Sequences (enrichment lesson) (M-A1-2-3)

Graphical Approach to Number Theory and Equations (M-A1-3)

Real Number Comparisons (M-A1-3-1)

Linear Equations (M-A1-3-2)

Solutions of Systems of Linear Equations (M-A1-3-3)

Graphing Solutions of Equations and Inequalities (M-A1-4)

Graphing Linear Solutions (M-A1-4-1)

Graphing Linear Inequalities (M-A1-4-2)

Systems of Inequalities (M-A1-4-3)

Linear Systems (M-A1-5)

Graphing Systems of Two Linear Equations (M-A1-5-1)

Choosing a Solution Method (M-A1-5-2)

Systems of Linear Inequalities (M-A1-5-3)

Line of Best Fit (M-A1-6)

Linear Correlation (M-A1-6-1)

Equations of Line of Best Fit (M-A1-6-2)

Predictions (M-A1-6-3)

Algebra 2

Compound Probabilities (M-A2-1)

Dependent Events and the Monty Hall Problem (M-A2-1-1)

Probability Trees (M-A2-1-2)

Odds and Expected Value (M-A2-1-3)

Quadratic Functions (M-A2-2)

Transforming Parabolas Using Vertex Form (M-A2-2-1)

Completing the Square (M-A2-2-2)

Complex Numbers and the Quadratic Formula (M-A2-2-3)

Polynomial Functions (M-A2-3)

Classifying Polynomials (M-A2-3-1)

Synthetic Division and the Factor Theorem (M-A2-3-2)

Using Roots and Other Features to Graph (M-A2-3-3)

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions (M-A2-4)

Simplifying Exponential and Logarithmic Expressions (M-A2-4-1)

Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations (M-A2-4-2)

Exponential Growth and Decay (M-A2-4-3)

Rational Functions (M-A2-5)

Operations with Rational Expressions (M-A2-5-1)

Solving Rational Equations (M-A2-5-2)

Simplifying Complex Rational Expressions (M-A2-5-3)

The Mathematics of Functions (M-A2-6)

The Definition of a Function (M-A2-6-1)

Inverses of Linear Functions (M-A2-6-2)

Composition of Functions (M-A2-6-3)

Nonlinear Functions (M-A2-7)

Absolute Value Functions (M-A2-7-1)

Quadratic Functions (M-A2-7-2)

Real-World Applications of Parabolas (M-A2-7-3)

Science

Kindergarten

Force and Motion (S-K-2)

How Things Move (S-K-2-1)

Wheels and Transportation (S-K-2-2)

Motion and Air (S-K-2-3)

Sounds All Around (S-K-3)

Sounds Moving All Around (S-K-3-1)

Strumming Along (S-K-3-2)

Recycled Music (S-K-3-3)

Going in Cycles (S-K-4)

Clouds (S-K-4-1)

Rain, Hail, and Snow (S-K-4-2)

The Cycling of Water (S-K-4-3)

Agriculture, Living Things, and Environments (S-K-5)

Living and Nonliving Things Found on a Farm (S-K-5-1)

What We Get from the Farm (S-K-5-2)

Protecting Our Farms (S-K-5-3)

My World (S-K-6)

The Parts of My World (S-K-6-1)

A View of the Land (S-K-6-2)

A Closer Look (S-K-6-3)

Living vs. Nonliving (S-K-7)

What Do You See? (S-K-7-1)

Just Like Me and You (S-K-7-2)

Parts of a Whole (S-K-7-3)

1st Grade

Making Changes (S-1-1)

Hugs and Kisses (S-1-1-1)

The Good-Bye Kiss (S-1-1-2)

The Shape of Kisses (S-1-1-3)

Animals and Their Habitats (S-1-2)

Similar Traits (S-1-2-1)

Home Sweet Home! (S-1-2-2)

I Will Survive! (S-1-2-3)

Inventors to Inventions (S-1-3)

What’s the Problem? (S-1-3-1)

Identifying the Problem (S-1-3-2)

Identifying and Solving a Problem in My Life (S-1-3-3)

Aquatic Pennsylvania (S-1-4)

Moving vs. Still Water (S-1-4-1)

Types of Water Environments (S-1-4-2)

Fresh Water Animals in Pennsylvania (S-1-4-3)

Materials and Tools (S-1-5)

Uses of Earth Materials (S-1-5-1)

Construction (S-1-5-2)

Solving Problems with Tools (S-1-5-3)

The Scientific Method (S-1-6)

Step into Investigations (S-1-6-1)

Double Bubble Science (S-1-6-2)

Investigating Rainbows (S-1-6-3)

2nd Grade

Patterns All Around (S-2-1)

What’s the Reason for the Seasons? (S-2-1-1)

A Seasonal Pennsylvania (S-2-1-2)

Seasons for Pennsylvania Animals (S-2-1-3)

Force and Motion (S-2-2)

Pushing and Pulling (S-2-2-1)

Which Way Did It Go? (S-2-2-2)

Push Me, Pull Me with Force (S-2-2-3)

Pennsylvania’s Agriculture (S-2-3)

Agriculture’s Role in Our Lives (S-2-3-1)

The Science Behind Agriculture (S-2-3-2)

Raising Crops in a Healthy Way (S-2-3-3)

Why Go Green? (S-2-4)

What Do People Need from the Environment? (S-2-4-1)

An Action Speaks a Thousand Words (S-2-4-2)

Environmental Laws (S-2-4-3)

High Tech (S-2-5)

Tools and Their Functions (S-2-5-1)

Age of Computers (S-2-5-2)

Using Computers (S-2-5-3)

3rd Grade

Pennsylvania’s Energy Supply (S-3-1)

What Is Energy? (S-3-1-1)

Wind and Water Wheels (S-3-1-2)

What Powers Pennsylvania? (S-3-1-3)

Animal Classes and Their Ecosystems (S-3-2)

Characteristics of Animals (S-3-2-1)

Ecosystems (S-3-2-2)

Classification of Animals (S-3-2-3)

Grounded in a Good Way (S-3-3)

What Is the Ground Made of? (S-3-3-1)

Dirt versus Soil (S-3-3-2)

The Ins and Outs of Soil (S-3-3-3)

Moving Objects (S-3-4)

Describing an Object’s Motion (S-3-4-1)

Describing an Object’s Position (S-3-4-2)

Simple and Complex Machines (S-3-4-3)

The Passing of Time (S-3-5)

Shine on, Moon (S-3-5-1)

As the World Turns (S-3-5-2)

Invention of the Calendar (S-3-5-3)

Matter, Matter Everywhere! (S-3-6)

What Is Matter? (S-3-6-1)

States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas (S-3-6-2)

Changing States of Matter: Water’s Phase Changes (S-3-6-3)

4th Grade

Weather, Climate, and Atmospheric Process (S-4-1)

Cloud Types (S-4-1-1)

Weather Tools (S-4-1-2)

Making Weather Predictions Based on Data (S-4-1-3)

Plant and Animal Adaptations (S-4-2)

Adaptations of Animals (S-4-2-1)

Behavioral and Structural Adaptations of Animals (S-4-2-2)

Plant Adaptations (S-4-2-3)

Cycles, Systems, and Webs (S-4-3)

Building a Terrarium System (S-4-3-1)

Plant Cycles (S-4-3-2)

Food Webs (S-4-3-3)

Digestion and Food (S-4-4)

A Healthy Meal (S-4-4-1)

The Digestive System (S-4-4-2)

The Harvesting Process (S-4-4-3)

Transfer of Energy (S-4-5)

Characteristics of Energy (S-4-5-1)

Energy in Motion (S-4-5-2)

Light the Bulb! (S-4-5-3)

Experimenting (S-4-6)

Observing Not Just Watching (S-4-6-1)

Collecting Data (S-4-6-2)

Making Conclusions (S-4-6-3)

5th Grade

Matter (S-5-1)

Properties of Matter (S-5-1-1)

Reactions (S-5-1-2)

Properties of Matter/Structure of Matter (S-5-1-3)

Light and Sound (S-5-2)

Characteristics of Light (S-5-2-1)

Wavelengths of Light (S-5-2-2)

Sound (S-5-2-3)

Measurement (S-5-3)

Mass (S-5-3-1)

Volume (S-5-3-2)

Density (S-5-3-3)

Forces: On Earth and Beyond (S-5-4)

Mass vs. Weight (S-5-4-1)

Inertia: Newton’s First Law (S-5-4-2)

Planetary Orbits (S-5-4-3)

Who’s on Top of Pennsylvania’s Food Chain? (S-5-5)

Food Chain Challenge (S-5-5-1)

Transfer of Energy and Food Webs (S-5-5-2)

Traits and Characteristics of Living Things (S-5-5-3)

Our Solar System (S-5-6)

The Sun (S-5-6-1)

Inner Planets and Modeling the Solar System (S-5-6-2)

Outer Planets (S-5-6-3)

6th Grade

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks (S-6-1)

Igneous Rocks (S-6-1-1)

Sedimentary Rocks (S-6-1-2)

Metamorphic Rocks (S-6-1-3)

Fossil Fuels (S-6-2)

Pennsylvania Fossil Fuel Distribution and Formation (S-6-2-1)

Energy and Fossil Fuels in the United States (S-6-2-2)

Fossil Fuel Extraction and the Environment (S-6-2-3)

Multicellular Organisms (S-6-3)

The Cambrian Life and Explosion (S-6-3-1)

Characteristics of Multicellular Organisms (S-6-3-2)

Organisms’ Responses to the Environment (S-6-3-3)

The Cell (S-6-4)

Characteristics of Living Organisms (S-6-4-1)

Organelles (S-6-4-2)

A Closer Look (S-6-4-3)

Matter (S-6-5)

Systems and Properties (S-6-5-1)

Mass Density (S-6-5-2)

Unifying Themes/Culminating Lesson (S-6-5-3)

Magnets and Electricity (S-6-6)

Special Properties of Matter (S-6-6-1)

Production of Electric Forces (S-6-6-2)

Energy Sources (S-6-6-3)

7th Grade

How Things Get Moved (S-7-1)

The Effect of Unbalanced Force on Velocity (S-7-1-1)

Balanced versus Unbalanced Forces (S-7-1-2)

The Advantages of Unbalanced Force (S-7-1-3)

Keys to the Past (S-7-2)

What Are Fossils, Anyway? (S-7-2-1)

Fossil Stories from Tar Pits (S-7-2-2)

Fossils and Geologic History (S-7-2-3)

The Fig Tree Wasp (S-7-3)

Fig Tree Reproduction and Life Cycle (S-7-3-1)

Fig Wasp Reproduction and Life Cycle (S-7-3-2)

Symbiotic Relationship/Interdependence (S-7-3-3)

Reproduction (S-7-4)

Sexual and Asexual Reproduction (S-7-4-1)

Life Stages: Mitosis (S-7-4-2)

Life Cycles: Mitosis and Meiosis (S-7-4-3)

Lentic and Lotic Ecosystems (S-7-5)

Abiotic and Biotic Factors (S-7-5-1)

Ecosystem Interactions Among Organisms (S-7-5-2)

Impact of Human Activities (S-7-5-3)

Experiments (S-7-6)

Planning an Experiment (S-7-6-1)

Analyzing Data (S-7-6-2)

Experimental Analysis (S-7-6-3)

Ecology (S-7-7)

Ecological Systems (S-7-7-1)

Ecological Balance (S-7-7-2)

How Oil Spills Affect Ecosystems (S-7-7-3)

Obtaining Energy (S-7-8)

Photosynthesis: Making and Storing Energy (S-7-8-1)

Specialized Respiratory Systems (S-7-8-2)

Cell Respiration: Releasing Energy (S-7-8-3)

Our Moon (S-7-9)

What Is Our Moon Like? (S-7-9-1)

Gravity (S-7-9-2)

Moon Patterns (S-7-9-3)

8th Grade

How the Solar System Works (S-8-1)

The Size and Composition of the Solar System (S-8-1-1)

The Movement of the Earth (S-8-1-2)

Gravity and the Solar System (S-8-1-3)

Reproduction and Heredity (S-8-2)

Types of Reproduction (S-8-2-1)

Genes and Heredity (S-8-2-2)

Adaptations (S-8-2-3)

Biological Changes (S-8-3)

Natural Selection (S-8-3-1)

Selective Breeding (S-8-3-2)

Mutations (S-8-3-3)

Geology and the Battle of Gettysburg (S-8-4)

Geology and the Battle of Gettysburg (S-8-4-1)

The Rifting of Pangaea and the Gettysburg Battlefield (S-8-4-2)

Gettysburg Rocks Recycle to Win (S-8-4-3)

Matter Matters (S-8-5)

Physical Properties of Matter (S-8-5-1)

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures (S-8-5-2)

Separation of a Mixture (S-8-5-3)

Earth’s Structure and Processes (S-8-6)

Earth’s Change: Rapid Processes (S-8-6-1)

Earth’s Change: Rapid Processes (Volcanoes and Earthquakes) (S-8-6-2)

Weathering (Physical and Chemical) and Erosion (S-8-6-3)

Principles of Force and Motion (S-8-7)

Balanced versus Unbalanced Force and Friction (S-8-7-1)

Potential and Kinetic Energy (S-8-7-2)

The Mechanical Advantages of Simple Machines (S-8-7-3)

H2O (S-8-8)

Water Properties and Systems (S-8-8-1)

Aquatic Organisms and Their Adaptations (S-8-8-2)

Water Cycle, Watersheds, and Wetlands (S-8-8-3)

Hierarchy of Ecological Relationships (S-8-9)

Flow of Energy through Trophic Levels (S-8-9-1)

Relationships among Organisms (S-8-9-2)

Coral Reef Ecosystems (S-8-9-3)

Biology

Ecological Interactions (S-B-1)

Who Gets What From Whom? (S-B-1-1)

Create-a-Biome Concept Map (S-B-1-2)

Who Controls Whom on Isle Royale? (S-B-1-3)

Energy Flow in Ecosystems (S-B-2)

Food Chains and Food Webs (S-B-2-1)

Limiting Factors (S-B-2-2)

Conservation of Energy (S-B-2-3)

Cells: Order and Structure in a Chaotic World (S-B-3)

Prokaryotes: The Simplest Forms of Life (S-B-3-1)

Eukaryote Euniversity (S-B-3-2)

Biological Levels of Organization (S-B-3-3)

The Cell Cycle (S-B-4)

The Cell Cycle (S-B-4-1)

Mitosis (S-B-4-2)

Meiosis (S-B-4-3)

Genetic Inheritance (S-B-5)

Patterns of Inheritance (S-B-5-1)

DNA Replication (S-B-5-2)

The Roles of DNA, Genes, Alleles, and Chromosomes in Inheritance (S-B-5-3)

The Chemistry of Living Things (S-B-6)

Water, Water Everywhere (S-B-6-1)

Macromolecules: Organic Polymers (S-B-6-2)

Enzymes (S-B-6-3)

Cell Structures and Their Functions (S-B-7)

Roles of Cell Structures (S-B-7-1)

Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration (S-B-7-2)

Cell Transportation (S-B-7-3)

Genetics (S-B-8)

Heredity (S-B-8-1)

Gene Expression (S-B-8-2)

Changes in the Genome (S-B-8-3)

The Process of Evolution (S-B-9)

Natural Selection (S-B-9-1)

Development of a New Species (S-B-9-2)

Effects of Mutations (S-B-9-3)

Chemistry