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Standard - MST4: Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science.
Key Idea Code - MST4.PS:
Key Idea - MST4.PS4: Energy exists in many forms, and when these forms change energy is conserved.
Course - MST4.C.PS4.PH:
Academic Level - MST4.C.PS4:
Performance Indicator - MST4.C.PS4.PH.C: Students explain variations in wavelength and frequency in terms of the source of the vibrations that produce them, e.g. molecules, electrons, and nuclear particles.
Major Understandings - 4.3a : An oscillating system produces waves. The nature of the system determines the type of wave produced.
Major Understandings - 4.3b : Waves carry energy and information without transferring mass. This energy may be carried by pulses or periodic waves.
Major Understandings - 4.3c : The model of a wave incorporates the characteristics of amplitude, wavelength,* frequency*, period*, wave speed*, and phase.
Major Understandings - 4.3d : Mechanical waves require a material medium through which to travel.
Major Understandings - 4.3e : Waves are categorized by the direction in which particles in a medium vibrate about an equilibrium position relative to the direction of propagation of the wave, such as transverse and longitudinal waves.
Major Understandings - 4.3f : Resonance occurs when energy is transferred to a system at its natural frequency.
Major Understandings - 4.3g : Electromagnetic radiation exhibits wave characteristics. Electromagnetic waves can propagate through a vacuum.
Major Understandings - 4.3h : When a wave strikes a boundary between two media, reflection*, transmission, and absorption occur. A transmitted wave may be refracted.
Major Understandings - 4.3i : When a wave moves from one medium into another, the wave may refract due to a change in speed. The angle of refraction (measured with respect to the normal) depends on the angle of incidence and the properties of the media (indices of refraction).*
Major Understandings - 4.3j : The absolute index of refraction is inversely proportional to the speed of a wave.*
Major Understandings - 4.3k : All frequencies of electromagnetic radiation travel at the same speed in a vacuum.*
Major Understandings - 4.3l : Diffraction occurs when waves pass by obstacles or through openings. The wavelength of the incident wave and the size of the obstacle or opening affect how the wave spreads out.
Major Understandings - 4.3m : When waves of a similar nature meet, the resulting interference may be explained using the principle of superposition. Standing waves are a special case of interference.
Major Understandings - 4.3n : When a wave source and an observer are in relative motion, the observed frequency of the waves traveling between them is shifted (Doppler effect).