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Standard Area - MST:
  • Standard - MST4: Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science.
  • Key Idea Code - MST4.PS:
  • Key Idea - MST4.PS5: Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
  • Academic Level - MST4.I.PS5:
  • Performance Indicator - MST4.I.PS5B: Students observe, describe, and compare effects of forces (gravity, electric current, and magnetism) on the motion of objects.
  • Major Understandings - 5.2a : Every object exerts gravitational force on every other object. Gravitational force depends on how much mass the objects have and on how far apart they are. Gravity is one of the forces acting on orbiting objects and projectiles.

  • Major Understandings - 5.2b : Electric currents and magnets can exert a force on each other.

  • Major Understandings - 5.2c : Machines transfer mechanical energy from one object to another.

  • Major Understandings - 5.2d : Friction is a force that opposes motion.

  • Major Understandings - 5.2e : A machine can be made more efficient by reducing friction. Some common ways of reducing friction include lubricating or waxing surfaces.

  • Major Understandings - 5.2f : Machines can change the direction or amount of force, or the distance or speed of force required to do work.

  • Major Understandings - 5.2g : Simple machines include a lever, a pulley, a wheel and axle, and an inclined plane. A complex machine uses a combination of interacting simple machines, e.g., a bicycle.
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