A cell’s interior is separated or compartmentalized from the environment by a phospholipid bilayer plasma membrane.
A multicellular organization enables life functions such as movement, digestion, internal circulation of nutrients, excretion of waste and reproduction to be subdivided among specialized groups of cells.
A technological design & problem solving process changes ideas into a final product or system.
According to the law of conservation of mass, a chemical change can be represented by a balanced chemical equation.
Active transport moves atoms, ions and small molecule mostly against a concentration gradient and requires an expenditure of energy.
Active transport of larger substances and subcellular structures occurs through endocytosis and exocytosis.
All cells go through a cell cycle.
All forms of life on Earth are connected in a Biosphere.
An understanding of forces and their interactions is used to describe, explain, and design any number of natural and human-built objects and systems.
ATP molecules store usable chemical energy to drive life processes through coupled reactions.
Based on systematic, measurable changes in physical properties, the atmosphere is subdivided into different layers.
Based on the measured scattering of seismic waves, the Earth’s interior is subdivided into layers based on physical properties.
Biological levels of organization from smallest to largest include: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, multicellular organisms, populations, and communities.
Biological molecules produced by a cell can be used by the cell or transported outside for use by other cells.
Bio-related technologies are the processes of using biological mater to make or modify products.
Bio-related technologies are the processes of using biological organisms to make or modify products.
Both passive and facilitated diffusion move materials along a concentration gradient without energy.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the chemical foundations for life.
Carbon rings and chains form the backbone of all biological molecules.
Cell differentiation occurs many times during development of a multicellular organisms giving rise to a diversity of cell types.
Cells are composed mostly of: C, H, N, O, P, and S.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things.
Cells come only from the division of a pre-existing cell.
Cells function as microscopic chemical factories synthesizing and degrading biological molecules necessary for life.
Cells grow when they can take in more nutrients through their plasma membranes than they can metabolize in their interior. Cells may divide when their metabolism exceeds nutrient absorption.
Cells occur in two basic forms: Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) and Eukaryotes (all other cells).
Cells that have differentiated to perform specialized functions rely on the collective function of other specialized cells within a multicellular organism to maintain their living condition.
Cellular respiration is the process by which potential chemical energy in the bonds of glucose is transformed into potential chemical energy in the bonds of ATP.
Changes in atmospheric composition can lead to changes in the intensity and composition of sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface that can be observed and measured.
Changes in matter can be chemical, physical, or nuclear.
Changes in temperature are accompanied by changes in kinetic energy which can result in changes in the states of matter.
Chemical reactions and processes necessary for life are carried out in cytoplasm or organelles within a eukaryotic cell’s protoplasm.
Circulation patterns in the oceans are driven by multiple forces.
Climate measurably changes over time due to natural and human processes.
Common anatomical and/or genetic structures and behaviors demonstrate that species have evolved from common ancestors.
Communication is the process of composing, sending, and receiving messages through technology.
Communication is the process of composing, sending, and receiving messages using technological devices.
Construction is the process of turning materials into useful structures.
Construction is the process of turning raw materials into useful structures.
Coulomb’s Law computes the force between two electrically charged objects at a distance.
Different forms of energy contribute to the transport mechanisms of Earth’s dynamic systems.
Different types of cells and tissues combine to form distinct structures known as organs which perform specific functions.
DNA contains the complete set of instructions, the genetic code, for building and running an organism.
During the process of meiosis genetic recombinations may occur contributing to genetic variability within a population.
Earth consists of an interacting set of processes and structures.
Energy and power technologies are the processes of converting energy sources into useful power.
Energy and power technologies use processes to convert energy into power.
Energy is converted from one form to another as it moves through a food chains and food webs.
Energy is transferred through Earth’s systems via radiation, conduction, and convection.
Energy transferred through Earth’s systems drives global processes.
Enzymes are special proteins designed to catalyze most biochemical reactions that otherwise would not occur.
Eukaryotic cells first divide their nucleus and then divide their cytoplasm to make new cells.
Evidence suggests that the interior layers arose long ago from heat, cooling and gravity.
Evolution occurs when the gene frequency of alleles in a population shifts to confer survial and reproductive success.
Factors that can affect the rate of a chemical change include temperature, concentration, nature of the reactant, and catalyst.
Focus, content, organization, style, and conventions work together to impact writing quality
For objects in a constant state of motion (including those at rest) the net force is zero.
Forces can be mathematically combined together as a vector sum resulting in a single net force that causes the object to accelerate in the direction of that net force.
Forces may result from contact or action at a distance in the case of gravitational, electrostatic, or magnetic fields.
Forms of energy are required to maintain life.
Four fundamental forces of nature dominate at different scales: the strong and weak forces acting within the nucleus opposing proton-proton repulsion, the electrical force dominates in biological and chemical processes, and gravitational force dominates at astronomical scales.
Given a knowledge of all the forces acting on an object, its accelerations can be calculated.
Given a knowledge of an object’s motion, its force(s) can be inferred.
Glycolysis is the foundation of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis, through anaerobic respiration, is the main energy source in many prokaryotes.
Homeostasis dynamically returns biological changes (body temperature, osmolarity, blood pressure, pH, blood glucose, etc.) to balance by modifying chemical reactions, adjusting energy transformations, and responding to environmental changes.
In a closed system, the product of an object’s angular speed and rotational inertia will remain constant.
In a closed system, the total work performed by objects may be calculated from the final kinetic energy minus the initial kinetic energy.
In a technological world, inventions and innovations must be carefully assessed by individuals and society as a whole.
In an isolated system, the total momentum or angular momentum is conserved.
In every transformation of energy from one form to another, some of the energy is converted into thermal energy.
Inertial mass is a measure of the resistance of an object to changes in translation motion (Newton’s First Law of Motion).
Innovation is the process of improving an existing product, process, or system.
Innovation is the process of modifying an existing product, process, or system to improve it.
Invention is a process of creating new products, processes, or systems.
Invention is a process of turning ideas and imagination into new products, processes, or systems.
Inventions and innovations must be carefully assessed by individuals and society.
Limiting factors can cause population fluctuations or extinction in a given ecosystem.
Liquid water forms hydrogen bonds, is a solvent, and forms hydronium ions allowing a wide range of biochemical reactions to occur.
Manufacturing is the process of turning materials into useful products.
Manufacturing is the process of turning raw materials into useful products.
Many biological molecules are polymers made from monomers that contain carbon chemically bound with other elements.
Many synthesized polypeptides require additional processing to acquire their active, three-dimensional structures.
Matter exists naturally in 3 states on earth: solid, liquid, and gas.
Matter flows through an ecosystem using a variety of natural cycles.
Meiosis involves a two-step nuclear division reducing the number of chromosomes in half – producing gametes.
Minerals, which make up rocks, have internal structures determined by a regular arrangement of internal atoms or ions that determine their physical properties.
Models and graphs can be used to determine the presence or absence of unbalanced forces.
Molecular structure is related to function.
Molecules, ions and water move in and out of the cell through a variety of mechanisms.
Most biochemical reactions require an input of energy.
Movement of the Earth’s crust by Plate tectonics contributes to changes in the surface of the earth.
Mutations alter a gene's genetic information, resulting in a change in the protein that is made, or how or when a cell makes that protein. Most mutations are evolutionary neutral.
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation computes the force between two masses at a distance.
Newton’s Laws of Motion empirically describe the motion of objects in terms of force interactions, mass, and acceleration in a non-accelerating, non-relativistic reference frame.
Newton’s three laws of motion can be used to explain and measure the motion of objects.
Oceans are connected to major lakes, watersheds, and waterways.
Oceans dominate the earth’s carbon cycle.
One or more pairs of genes on one or more chromosomes code for the expression of inherited traits.
Organ systems function to meet an organism’s needs.
Organisms adapt to changes in their environments.
Organisms and their environment are interdependent.
Organisms are made up of simpler units called cells.
Organisms can reproduce their own kind using DNA.
Organisms grow, develop and eventually die.
Organisms need light and/or chemicals to make cellular protoplasm.
Organisms obtain and use energy through photosynthesis or cellular respiration to carry out their life processes.
Organisms release waste chemicals produced by cells.
Organisms seek to maintain homeostasis at all biological levels of organization.
Organs work together as a system to perform common functions.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of lower solute concentration (more aqueous solution) across a membrane to an area higher solute concentration (less aqueous solution).
Passive transport depends on the diffusion of substances with a concentration gradient moving across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lesser concentration without energy.
Patterns of inheritance reflecting how genes interact and express themselves (including dominant, recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, sex-influenced, multiple alleles) can be predicted, observed and described.
People select, create, and use science and technology and are limited by constraints (e.g. social and physical).
People select, create, and use technology.
Photosynthesis is the process that transforms light energy into potential chemical energy.
Position, velocity and acceleration are examples of vectors, quantities relying on both direction and magnitude that combine with other velocity and acceleration vectors according to specific mathematical rules.
Position, velocity, and acceleration describe the motion of objects at every scale from the motion of subatomic particles to the motion of entire galaxies.
Prokaryotic cells divide via binary fission.
Pushes, pulls, friction, and gravity are forces that can act upon an object to change its position, direction, and/or speed.
RNA is necessary for protein synthesis from DNA.
Rotational kinetic energy is the rotational analogue of translational kinetic energy.
Safety is a preeminent concern for all technological development and use.
Safety is one of the most important concerns for all technological development and use.
Selective breeding and biotechnology contribute to the deliberate changing of the genetic makeup of a population.
Sexually reproducing organisms produce gametes which transport hereditary information from one generation of organisms into another generation.
Solids, liquids and gases can exert forces on surfaces and is quantified as pressure.
Speciation occurs when one population is isolated from another population. The isolation can be geological, reproductive, or filling different ecological nitches to reduce competation. With isolation comes changing environmental factors exerting selective pressure on mutations and adaptions.
Specific biotic and abiotic factors characterize biomes and their component ecosystems.
Structure is related to function at the cellular and organelle levels of biological organization.
Sunlight is the initial energy source for most life on Earth.
Technological design & problem solving follows many steps.
Technological design & problem solving includes both formative and summative analysis.
Technological design & problem solving includes clearly communicated solutions.
Technological design & problem solving includes frequent checking.
Technological design & problem solving requires hands-on applications.
Technological design & problem solving requires the ability to clearly communicate engineered solutions.
Technological design & problem solving requires the application of hands-on abilities such as sketching, prototyping, and fabricating.
Technological design & problem solving transforms an idea into a final product or system.
Technological design & problem solving utilizes a series of steps that take place in a well-defined sequence.
Technological literacy is a lifetime endeavor.
Technological literacy is necessary for a productive 21st century skilled workforce.
Technological literacy is necessary for a productive workforce.
Technological literacy is necessary for all citizens.
Technological literacy is required for all citizens in a democratic society for shared decision-making.
Technological literacy is the ability to understand, use, assess, design, and create technology.
Technological literacy is the ability to understand, use, assess, design, and produce technology (i.e. Invention & Innovation).
Technological literacy requires lifelong learning.
Technology and society impact each other.
Technology and society mutually impact each other.
The abilities required in a technological world include diagnosing, troubleshooting, analyzing and maintaining systems.
The abilities required in a technological world include understanding, fixing, and maintaining systems.
The atmosphere is a uniform mixture of gases that decrease in temperature and pressure with increasing altitude.
The basic molecular and the associated genetic code structure of DNA are universal, revolutionizing our understanding of disease, heredity and evolution.
The conservation laws apply at all scales from very small particles to entire universe.
The cytoplasm contains a collection of connected, internal membranous sacs that divide the cytoplasm into functional and structural compartments or organelles.
The differential reproductive success of populations of organisms with advantageous traits is known as natural selection.
The Earth’s crust is made up of rocks, which undergo cyclic changes and can be classified by their origins and formation.
The Earth’s oceans are interconnected, forming one ocean.
The energy flow of biochemical reactions is governed by the physical laws of thermodynamics.
The fossil record documents patterns of mass and background extinctions and the appearance of new species.
The hydrologic cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth.
The inertial mass and charge of an object and any forces acting on it can be measured and quantified using appropriate tools, units, frames of reference, and techniques.
The kinetic energy of an object in simple harmonic motion is at its minimum value when the object is at its maximum displacement and at its maximum when the object passes through its equilibrium position.
The motion of a projectile can be represented and analyzed as two different motions, a vertical motion with constant acceleration and a horizontal motion with constant speed.
The motion of an object can be described by its position, direction and speed.
The pattern of form following function is reflected at all biological levels of organization.
The position and velocity of an object or interacting objects can be represented and quantified in terms of its momentum, angular momentum, kinetic energy, and potential energy.
The position, velocity, and acceleration of an object can be measured and quantified (in magnitude and direction), using appropriate tools and units, in a reference frame.
The potential energy of an object in simple harmonic motion is at its maximum value when the object is at its maximum displacement and at its minimum when the object passes through its equilibrium position.
The property inertia is an object’s resistance to a change in its motion.
The Punnet square is a tool that can be used to predict the probability of an offspring’s genotype and phenotype.
The rotational inertia and angular velocity of an object can be represented in terms of its angular momentum and kinetic energy.
The surface features of the earth change as a result of observable physical and chemical processes.
The total amount of energy in a closed system is conserved.
There are a number of situations in which an object will have both translational and rotational kinetic energy.
There are similarities and differences between fossils and living organisms.
These concepts are used in the design and evaluation of many technologies.
Transportation is the process of safely and efficiently moving people and products.
Two or more versions of a gene (alleles) contribute to the expression of inherited traits.
Unequal heating of the surface of the earth contributes to global circulation patterns, climate, and weather.
Vectors allow the formulation of Physical Laws independent of a particular coordinate system.
Weather is the result of complex interactions between atmospheric pressure, land conditions, and ocean temperatures that can be measured.
Weight is the result of the earth’s gravitational force acting upon an object’s mass.
When two surfaces of objects are in contact with each other, the force of friction between them depends on the nature of the materials in contact and the normal force.
Which genes are expressed at a given time is determined by the integration of internal and environmental signals received by a cell.
While many forces can act on an object, those forces can be represented and analyzed using a free body diagram.
Career plan maintenance.
Factors that impact personal career choices.
Factors that support career selection.
Family and work situations can both benefit from teamwork, strong organizational structure and leadership skills.
How personal attitudes and work habits support career retention and advancement.
Parts of a cover letter and resume.
Post secondary career preparation opportunities.
Practical reasoning skills can be used to develop solutions that will result in positive consequences for self and others.
Relationship between educational achievement and career success.
Relationship of changing roles in the workplace to new career opportunities.
Relationship of educational plans to the career choice process.
Relationship of personal interests, abilities, and aptitudes to career goals.
Requirements of developmental planning in a portfolio process including identifying, collecting, maintaining and applying documents and skills .
School-based opportunities for career awareness/preparation.
Situations where purposeful research, evaluation of resources and networking is required in the career acqusition process.
Traditional and non-traditional careers.
Varied sources of career information.
A responsible health consumer is able to utilize appropriate self-care practices and products in concert with professional health care services.
A variety of medical advances and governmental policies has made an impact in the prevention and control of health problems.
A wide variety of factors such as fitness level, health status and environment, etc., can enhance or be harmful to efficient functioning of our body systems.
Each individual is responsible for accessing valid health information to make, implement and evaluate their consumer choices.
Goal setting sets the foundation for a lifetime of responsible health decision making.
Relationships, career choices and both chronic and communicable diseases are examples of factors that play a powerful role in shaping our entire adult lifespan.
Responsibilities, cost, and nutritional knowledge are examples of factors that impact the food choices we make as adults.
The decision to use/not use drugs is impacted by the effects on the individual, family and community.
There is a direct cause and effect relationship between well-being and the environment.
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