Activities

1. List 3 different types of models.
   What are 2 different reasons why an engineer would create a model before he or she built a new bridge?

2. Predict some problems that might occur if an engineer did not create a model before building a new cruise ship.

3. What type of model would you recommend if an engineer wanted to build a skyscraper in Chicago?  Should the engineer use more than one type of model?  Explain your reasoning.
   
   
4. Victor wants to build a museum in Pittsburg, PA.  He wants to find out which shape foundation will be the strongest.  Design an experiment using models that Victor could use to find the strongest foundation.

Answer Key/Rubric

1. Acceptable responses may include, but are not limited to:
   • Map
   • Diorama
   • Computer simulation
   • Graphic organizer
   • 3D model

Acceptable responses may include, but are not limited to:

• Less expensive
• Can predict and fix problems before they occur
• Easier to construct and use for planning all aspects of the real building

2. Acceptable responses may include, but are not limited to:
   • Ship will not float
   • Ship’s engines will not function properly
   • Shipper’s rudders will not steer properly
   • Measurements and proportions might be wrong – may not have enough materials to build ship or space inside ship may be too small to more around comfortably
   • Budget will have to increase to cover costs to fix problems

3. Acceptable responses may include, but are not limited to:
   • There are a few models that should occur during the planning stages of the new skyscraper.
   • A map of Chicago should be created to show traffic patterns and the layout of the surrounding area.
   • A computer simulation could be used to predict how these two components would be affected by the construction and skyscraper.
   • A 3D model of the skyscraper should be created.  It is easier for the engineer to make structural changes to a model than to a real building.  The engineer can also adjust aesthetic aspects of the model.

4. Use the following rubric to grade the student's response.  Answers will vary.

Example:

1. Gather enough cardboard to construct 3 scale models of buildings.
2. Build one model of building with a square base.
3. Build one model of building with a triangular base.
4. Build one model of building with a circular base.
5. All of the models should be the same height and the width of the bases should be equal. 
6. Place weights on top of the first model until it collapses under the weight. 
7. Record data.
8. Repeat steps 5 and 6 with the triangular based model and the circular based model.
9. Compare results.
10. Draw a conclusion.