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Dissolving: Endothermic and Exothermic Changes

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Dissolving: Endothermic and Exothermic Changes

Grade Levels

10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade

Course, Subject

Chemistry, Science
  • Big Ideas
    A technological world requires that humans develop capabilities to solve technological challenges and improve products for the way we live.
    Atomic theory is the foundation for the study of chemistry.
    Changes in matter are accompanied by changes in energy.
    Chemical bonding occurs as a result of attractive forces between particles.
    Chemical reactions are predictable.
    Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
    Each area of technology has a set of characteristics that separates it from others; however, many areas overlap in order to meet human needs and wants.
    Periodic trends in the properties of atoms allow for the prediction of physical and chemical properties.
    Technological design is a creative process that anyone can do which may result in new inventions and innovations.
    Technological literacy is the ability to use, assess and manage technology around us.
  • Concepts
    A chemical reaction will proceed until equilibrium is reached or until a limiting reactant is exhausted.
    A technological design & problem solving process changes ideas into a final product or system.
    According to the law of conservation of matter, the mass of the products in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the reactants.
    All matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture.
    All matter is made of atoms, which consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons that are identifiable by location, mass, and charge.
    All matter is made up of atoms.
    Atoms are made up of smaller particles including protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, etc.
    Atoms are the smallest pieces of an element that still retain the properties of that element.
    Atoms gain, share, or lose electrons to form chemical bonds.
    Average atomic masses of the elements are reported on the periodic table.
    Bio-related technologies are the processes of using biological mater to make or modify products.
    Bio-related technologies are the processes of using biological organisms to make or modify products.
    Changes in matter can be chemical, physical, or nuclear.
    Chemical bonding can be covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.
    Chemical periodicity is the basis for the arrangement of the periodic table.
    Common chemical reactions can be categorized as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion.
    Communication is the process of composing, sending, and receiving messages through technology.
    Communication is the process of composing, sending, and receiving messages using technological devices.
    Construction is the process of turning materials into useful structures.
    Construction is the process of turning raw materials into useful structures.
    Different compounds can be formed from different combinations of the same elements according to the law of multiple proportions.
    Dimensional analysis is a mathematical technique that can be used to express stoichiometric relationships.
    Electrons are found in quantized energy levels within the atom.
    Electrons occupy various energy levels within the atom, each of which can hold a maximum number of electrons.
    Elements and compounds are identified as pure substances according to the law of definite composition.
    Elements within the same family on the periodic table have similar chemical properties because of similar atomic structure.
    Energy and power technologies are the processes of converting energy sources into useful power.
    Energy and power technologies use processes to convert energy into power.
    Energy is absorbed or emitted when electrons move from one energy level to another within the atom.
    Everything can be classified as matter, energy, or space.
    Formula writing and naming of compounds follows a systematic set of rules.
    In a technological world, inventions and innovations must be carefully assessed by individuals and society as a whole.
    Innovation is the process of improving an existing product, process, or system.
    Innovation is the process of modifying an existing product, process, or system to improve it.
    Invention is a process of creating new products, processes, or systems.
    Invention is a process of turning ideas and imagination into new products, processes, or systems.
    Inventions and innovations must be carefully assessed by individuals and society.
    Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons; covalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons.
    Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
    lewis dot diagrams are useful for studying the structure and bonding nature atoms.
    Manufacturing is the process of turning materials into useful products.
    Manufacturing is the process of turning raw materials into useful products.
    Mathematic relationships can be used to predict changes in temperature and pressure of gaseous systems.
    Mixtures can be separated by physical means because the different components have different properties.
    Observations of matter can be qualitative, quantitative, direct, or indirect.
    People select, create, and use science and technology and are limited by constraints (e.g. social and physical).
    People select, create, and use technology.
    Physical properties of matter can be classified as intensive (like density) or extensive (like mass).
    Properties of matter can be explained by its atomic or molecular structure.
    Safety is a preeminent concern for all technological development and use.
    Safety is one of the most important concerns for all technological development and use.
    Solutions, suspensions, and colloids are three types of mixtures which contain two or more pure substances that can be separated by physical means.
    Some physical properties that characterize matter include: density, melting point, boiling point, volume, and conductivity.
    Technological design & problem solving follows many steps.
    Technological design & problem solving includes both formative and summative analysis.
    Technological design & problem solving includes clearly communicated solutions.
    Technological design & problem solving includes frequent checking.
    Technological design & problem solving requires hands-on applications.
    Technological design & problem solving requires the ability to clearly communicate engineered solutions.
    Technological design & problem solving requires the application of hands-on abilities such as sketching, prototyping, and fabricating.
    Technological design & problem solving transforms an idea into a final product or system.
    Technological design & problem solving utilizes a series of steps that take place in a well-defined sequence.
    Technological literacy is a lifetime endeavor.
    Technological literacy is necessary for a productive 21st century skilled workforce.
    Technological literacy is necessary for a productive workforce.
    Technological literacy is necessary for all citizens.
    Technological literacy is required for all citizens in a democratic society for shared decision-making.
    Technological literacy is the ability to understand, use, assess, design, and create technology.
    Technological literacy is the ability to understand, use, assess, design, and produce technology (i.e. Invention & Innovation).
    Technological literacy requires lifelong learning.
    Technology and society impact each other.
    Technology and society mutually impact each other.
    The abilities required in a technological world include diagnosing, troubleshooting, analyzing and maintaining systems.
    The abilities required in a technological world include understanding, fixing, and maintaining systems.
    The amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction can be predicted using mole relationships.
    The electronic structure within atoms is predicted by the Aufbau Principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund’s Rule, giving the atom its most stable arrangement.
    The octet rule guides the formation of chemical bonds because atoms gain, share, or lose electrons to achieve stability.
    The polarity of a molecule can be determined by the distribution of electrons around the molecule.
    The theory of the atom has changed over time because of improvements in technology.
    The type of bonding that occurs between atoms is related to the valence electrons of those atoms.
    The type of bonding which holds the substance together determines its physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and water solubility, and vapor pressure.
    The use of significant figures assures that quantitative observations are both accurate and precise.
    Transportation is the process of safely and efficiently moving people and products.
    Trends in the periodic table can predict the properties and behaviors of elements.
  • Competencies
    Clearly communicate engineered solutions in written, spoken, and graphical means.
    Compare and contrast the natural constraints imposed on scientific and technological change.
    Describe and demonstrate how to use the technological method to analyze technological processes and solutions.
    Describe how technological development impacts economics, culture, and policies.
    Design and develop the ability to create and transmit messages using technology.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to build structures.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to convert energy into useful power.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to manufacture products.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to transport people and products.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to utilize bio-related products and systems using technology.
    Design and produce solutions to technological problems.
    Develop skills for a 21st century workforce.
    Explain the importance of carefully assessing technological inventions and innovations.
    Explain the structure of matter, its properties, and what happens when one material comes in contact with another.
    Improve an existing product, process, or system.
    Predict physical and chemical properties and interactions of matter using the trends of periodic table.
    Recognize the importance of using technological knowledge to participate competently in a democratically society.
    Safely use tools, machines, and electronic devices.
    Use design and problem solving skills to solve technological challenges.
    Use models to demonstrate understanding of the attractive forces between atoms.

Description

Students will complete an experiment where they predict results, collect and interpret data and make conclusions.  Graphic information is java-based, see below, so no special graphing software is needed.  Fully customizable via the ITSI-SU (free) site.

Sensor needed: Temperature Probe

Time Needed:  60 - 80 minutes

graph dissolving

Lesson Attributes:

Models

Graphing

Simulation

Java

Interactive

Molecular workbench

Student computers

Internet

Rationale

In this activity, the change of temperature is measured when salt and sugar are dissolved in water.


salt in water

When a material dissolves in water, does it produce heat?

When you dissolve salt in water, what happens to the temperature? Why?

What about when you dissolve sugar in water? Is it the same or different? Why do you think so?

Resource

See the link below for the interactive resource.  After creating a free account, you will have access to all ITSI-SU Math and Science interactive resource and lessons.

Dissolving:  Endothermic and Exothermic Changes SAS/ITSI-SU  2028

Content Provider

The Concord Consortium: http://www.concord.org/

 

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