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Chemistry of Petroleum 2: What Happens to Hydrocarbons When They Burn?

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Chemistry of Petroleum 2: What Happens to Hydrocarbons When They Burn?

Grade Levels

10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade, 9th Grade

Course, Subject

Related Academic Standards
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  • Big Ideas
    A technological world requires that humans develop capabilities to solve technological challenges and improve products for the way we live.
    Changes in matter are accompanied by changes in energy.
    Chemical bonding occurs as a result of attractive forces between particles.
    Chemical reactions are predictable.
    Each area of technology has a set of characteristics that separates it from others; however, many areas overlap in order to meet human needs and wants.
    Organisms obtain and use energy to carry out their life processes.
    Organisms on Earth interact and depend in a variety of ways on other living and nonliving things in their environments.
    Technological design is a creative process that anyone can do which may result in new inventions and innovations.
    Technological literacy is the ability to use, assess and manage technology around us.
  • Concepts
    A chemical reaction will proceed until equilibrium is reached or until a limiting reactant is exhausted.
    According to the law of conservation of matter, the mass of the products in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the reactants.
    All forms of life on Earth are connected in a Biosphere.
    All matter is made up of atoms.
    Atoms are made up of smaller particles including protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, etc.
    Atoms are the smallest pieces of an element that still retain the properties of that element.
    ATP molecules store usable chemical energy to drive life processes through coupled reactions.
    Average atomic masses of the elements are reported on the periodic table.
    Bio-related technologies are the processes of using biological mater to make or modify products.
    Bio-related technologies are the processes of using biological organisms to make or modify products.
    Cellular respiration is the process by which potential chemical energy in the bonds of glucose is transformed into potential chemical energy in the bonds of ATP.
    Chemical bonding can be covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.
    Common chemical reactions can be categorized as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion.
    Communication is the process of composing, sending, and receiving messages through technology.
    Communication is the process of composing, sending, and receiving messages using technological devices.
    Construction is the process of turning materials into useful structures.
    Construction is the process of turning raw materials into useful structures.
    Dimensional analysis is a mathematical technique that can be used to express stoichiometric relationships.
    Electrons are found in quantized energy levels within the atom.
    Energy and power technologies are the processes of converting energy sources into useful power.
    Energy and power technologies use processes to convert energy into power.
    Energy is converted from one form to another as it moves through a food chains and food webs.
    Forms of energy are required to maintain life.
    Glycolysis is the foundation of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis, through anaerobic respiration, is the main energy source in many prokaryotes.
    In a technological world, inventions and innovations must be carefully assessed by individuals and society as a whole.
    Innovation is the process of improving an existing product, process, or system.
    Innovation is the process of modifying an existing product, process, or system to improve it.
    Invention is a process of creating new products, processes, or systems.
    Invention is a process of turning ideas and imagination into new products, processes, or systems.
    Inventions and innovations must be carefully assessed by individuals and society.
    Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
    lewis dot diagrams are useful for studying the structure and bonding nature atoms.
    Limiting factors can cause population fluctuations or extinction in a given ecosystem.
    Manufacturing is the process of turning materials into useful products.
    Manufacturing is the process of turning raw materials into useful products.
    Matter flows through an ecosystem using a variety of natural cycles.
    Most biochemical reactions require an input of energy.
    Organisms and their environment are interdependent.
    People select, create, and use science and technology and are limited by constraints (e.g. social and physical).
    Photosynthesis is the process that transforms light energy into potential chemical energy.
    Safety is a preeminent concern for all technological development and use.
    Safety is one of the most important concerns for all technological development and use.
    Specific biotic and abiotic factors characterize biomes and their component ecosystems.
    Sunlight is the initial energy source for most life on Earth.
    Technological design & problem solving includes both formative and summative analysis.
    Technological design & problem solving requires the ability to clearly communicate engineered solutions.
    Technological design & problem solving requires the application of hands-on abilities such as sketching, prototyping, and fabricating.
    Technological design & problem solving transforms an idea into a final product or system.
    Technological design & problem solving utilizes a series of steps that take place in a well-defined sequence.
    Technological literacy is a lifetime endeavor.
    Technological literacy is necessary for a productive 21st century skilled workforce.
    Technological literacy is required for all citizens in a democratic society for shared decision-making.
    Technological literacy is the ability to understand, use, assess, design, and produce technology (i.e. Invention & Innovation).
    Technology and society mutually impact each other.
    The abilities required in a technological world include diagnosing, troubleshooting, analyzing and maintaining systems.
    The abilities required in a technological world include understanding, fixing, and maintaining systems.
    The amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction can be predicted using mole relationships.
    The electronic structure within atoms is predicted by the Aufbau Principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund’s Rule, giving the atom its most stable arrangement.
    The energy flow of biochemical reactions is governed by the physical laws of thermodynamics.
    The theory of the atom has changed over time because of improvements in technology.
    The type of bonding that occurs between atoms is related to the valence electrons of those atoms.
    Transportation is the process of safely and efficiently moving people and products.
  • Competencies
    Clearly communicate engineered solutions in written, spoken, and graphical means.
    Create a new product, process, or system.
    Demonstrate how changes in matter are accompanied by changes in energy.
    Describe how technological development impacts economics, culture, and policies.
    Describe the flow of energy through living systems.
    Design and develop the ability to create and transmit messages using technology.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to build structures.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to convert energy into useful power.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to manufacture products.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to transport people and products.
    Design and develop the ability to safely and effectively use tools and materials to utilize bio-related products and systems using technology.
    Develop skills for a 21st century workforce.
    Explain the importance of carefully assessing technological inventions and innovations.
    Improve an existing product, process, or system.
    Recognize the importance of using technological knowledge to participate competently in a democratically society.
    Safely use tools, machines, and electronic devices.

Description

This lesson is the second in a series of four lessons about the chemistry of petroleum. The goal of these lessons is to introduce high-school students to the use of oil as an energy source in today’s high-tech world. In the Chemistry of Petroleum 2: What Happens to Hydrocarbons When They Burn? students examine the varying amounts of energy produced by the combustion of different hydrocarbons.

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Science NetLinks is a premier K-12 science education resource produced by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. At Science NetLinks, you'll find teaching tools, interactives, podcasts, and hands-on activities, and all of it is free!

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